Porter's five forces model identifies factors which determine the nature and strength of competition in an industry.

Which of the following is not one of the five forces identified in Porter's model?

Which of the following socio-cultural trends will have a direct impact on most business organisations?

(i) Increasing ethnic and religious diversity in populations

(ii) Falling birthrates

(iii) Focus on 'green' issues

(iv) Increase in single-member households

In the context of 'best practice' employment protection law, in which of the following circumstances is dismissal of an employee automatically considered unfair?

The stationery and printing company S Co, has recently upgraded its computers and printers so that more production has become automated. Many middle managers will now be made redundant. This is known as:

A recent trend in organisation and management is the rise in 'virtual organisation' and 'virtual teamworking'.

To which of the following environmental (PEST) factors is this most directly attributed?